simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf · Security
md-to-pdf vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter
- GHSA ID
- GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw
- CVE ID
- CVE-2025-65108
- Severity
- critical
- Published
- Updated
- CVSS
- 10 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CVSS v3
- 10 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description
Summary
A Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of md-to-pdf library, resulting in remote code execution.
Details
md-to-pdf uses the gray-matter library to parse front-matter. Gray-matter exposes a JavaScript engine that, when enabled or triggered by certain front-matter delimiters (e.g. ---js or ---javascript), will evaluate the front-matter contents as JavaScript. If user-supplied Markdown is fed to md-to-pdf and the front-matter contains malicious JS, the converter process will execute that code.
PoC
const { mdToPdf } = require('md-to-pdf');
var payload = '---javascript\n((require("child_process")).execSync("calc.exe"))\n---RCE';
(async () => {
await mdToPdf({ content: payload }, { dest: './output.pdf'});
})();
Running the PoC on Windows launches the calculator application, demonstrating arbitrary code execution.
Impact
- Remote code execution in the process that performs Markdown->PDF conversion.
- If the converter is run in a web app or cloud service, an attacker uploading malicious Markdown can execute arbitrary commands on the
CWEs
- CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')